These supramolecular nanofiber hydrogels could effectively support chondrocytes spreading and proliferation, and specifically enhance chondrogenic related genes expression and chondrogenic matrix secretion. The storage modulus of BPAA-AFF with 10 nm nanofibers self-assembling was around 13.8 kPa, and the morphology was similar to natural extracellular matrix. Enhanced L929 cells adhesion and proliferation demonstrated good biocompatibility of the hydrogels. The biomechanical properties and intermolecular interactions were also analyzed by rheology and spectroscopy analysis to optimize amino acid sequence. Using molecular dynamics simulations to interrogate the physicochemical properties of designed biphenyl-tripeptide sequences in atomic detail, reasonable hydrogen bond interactions and “FF” brick (phenylalanine-phenylalanine) promoted the formation of supramolecular fibrous hydrogels. Here, a new class of biphenyl-tripeptides with different C-terminal amino acids sequences transposition were developed, which could self-assemble to form robust supramolecular nanofiber hydrogels from 0.7 to 13.8 kPa at ultra-low weight percent (about 0.27 wt%). Supramolecular nanofiber peptide assemblies had been used to construct functional hydrogel biomaterials and achieved great progress.
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